What happened
Pope Francis is seeking clarity on whether Israel’s war in Gaza meets the legal definition of “genocide,” according to book excerpts published Sunday in Italian newspapers and confirmed by the Vatican press office. Israel rejects that characterization, commonly used by Arab leaders and Palestinian advocates. The International Court of Justice is weighing South Africa’s allegations that Israel has violated the Genocide Convention.
Who said what
“According to some experts,” Pope Francis said in the upcoming book, “what is happening in Gaza has the characteristics of a genocide. It should be carefully investigated to determine whether it fits into the technical definition formulated by jurists and international bodies.”
That was some of the pope’s “most explicit criticism yet of Israel’s conduct in its yearlong war,” Reuters said. Francis is “usually careful not to take sides in international conflicts,” though he has recently “stepped up his criticism of Israel’s conduct” in the war. In September, the pope called Israel’s attacks in Gaza and Lebanon “‘immoral’ and disproportionate, and that its military has gone beyond the rules of war,” said The Associated Press.
Israel’s Vatican ambassador, Yaron Sideman, said the “genocidal massacre” was Hamas’ Oct. 7 attack on Israeli citizens last year, “and since then, Israel has exercised its right of self-defense.” Calling the war “by any other name is singling out the Jewish state,” he added. Hamas killed 1,200 people on Oct. 7 and abducted 250 more, dozens of whom are still being kept hostage. Israel’s military response has killed 43,846 people in Gaza, according to the Gaza health ministry, and another 3,481 in Lebanon. Both those numbers include civilians and militants.
What next?
The book of interviews with Pope Francis, “Hope Never Disappoints: Pilgrims Toward a Better World,” is scheduled for release on Nov. 19, ahead of his 2025 jubilee year.